1. Po-po-po is supposed to be the sound pigeons make according to Japan.

2. Tansan can either mean a AA size battery or a carbonated drink in Japanese so Yutaka first mistook the cat’s name as a battery and then tries to shake the cat like a drink when it was explained to her.

3. A Pass Case (http://mamikogroup.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/457-265946_2_med.jpg) is a wallet for holding those electronic cards (such as PASMO or SUICA) used for entry and exit of a train station instead of tickets.
  
4. An Ema (http://mamikogroup.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/ema2.gif) is a small wooden postcard like thingy (usually with a picture of a horse) that you use to write your wishes and then hang them on a board in shrines or temples. You will get to see this next episode.

5. A Kotatsu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotatsu) is a table with a heater inside with a cloth hanging outside.

6. An Ozouni (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C5%8Dni) is a special New Year dish composed of rice cakes cooked with vegetables.

7. PASCA is a fictional electronic train pass that you use to get inside the train station instead of tickets. It’s a parody of PASMO and SUICA (which are real electronic train passes).

8. A Migawari Omamori (http://japanlifeandreligion.com/2011/04/14/omamori/) is a type of charm that when worn, it will receive all the bad luck for you.

9. An Amazake (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazake) is a sweet fermented rice wine.

10. An Omikuji (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omikuji) is a piece of paper with a random written fortune.

11. Yuuko's flying train dream sequence was a reference to Ginga Tetsudou 999.